Macro Evolution vs Intelligent Design
Scientific evidence for the on-going debate of evolution vs intelligent design.
There are two ways to look at evolution. Either every mutation has a plan or every mutation is random.
1. Planned Mutation
In planned mutation, the idea is that every evolution that takes millions of years has a plan to it. So an eye would start off as a dimple, then slowly become an eyeball. So every mutation has a purpose and a design. Here are the problems with planned mutations:
A. We would see multiple mutations in various stages. We might know the purpose of the mutations, but overall we would all have numerous unexplained mutations constantly occurring on all creatures including ourselves. Unfortunately, every part of the body has a purpose and is fully developed. So unless every creature has reached the apex of evolution and we will no longer see evolving creatures, then this is debunked.
B. The mutation roadmap requires information to be in DNA. This means all mutations must be found in DNA, unfortunately, this isn't true. If every mutation is planned then the information for further advances would be embedded in the DNA similar to how a caterpillar turns into a butterfly. Since it is not in the DNA, it would require an intelligent designer to input new DNA information into the creature often to create new creatures. At this point, you would have to point to an external 3rd party intelligent designer to push along evolution with a plan in mind.
2. Random Mutation
In a random mutation, you have constant mutations happening. Some things are helpful and are kept throughout evolution and some things hinder you and thus you die out due to natural selection. There are 2 issues with random mutations:
A. We would once again see numerous random mutations that are neither helpful nor harmful. However, every part of every organism is essential to its health and well-being. There are no half-evolved elements. In fact, we can look at all creatures in history and see that they were adapted perfectly - there are no 'useless' mutations for the creatures. Everything has a purpose which points to intelligent design.
B. The random mutation also means that we would have added information into DNA. DNA has never added new information. When you breed you can cause 2 anomalies that are observable, testable, and repeatable. These 2 anomalies are Duplication and Removal. In duplication, the DNA duplicates existing features -this is shown in mutations. This duplication process means you can get an extra finger or a split uvula. In removal, you lose information such as specific cells or elements necessary to see things.
Evolution in HyperSpeed
You can breed 2 animals together and see the results of evolution. If you want to increase mutations and see evolution work at hyperspeed, then you can breed siblings and then breed the offspring's siblings and keep doing that over and over. During this process, you will see deformities. The DNA will be missing information, possibly multiple toes or fingers, and life expectancy will drop significantly. After 10 generations of inbreeding, you will not see evolutionary advances that add new information and make the animal live longer or become more 'perfect'. What you WILL get is an animal that looks like a mistake and will die quickly. Likewise, you will also never be able to breed a dog until feathers appear.
This is actual science that is testable, repeatable, observable, and thus scientific. Evolution at a macro level is not - it is simply just assumptions from observation without any conclusive data.
3. Intelligent Design (Creation)
Creation means that all animals, plants, and people were created during the same time period. This would imply that all features are intentional and there are no half-formed mutations that will eventually become something. This is observable and true today. It means the APEX of our DNA was at the first human, and we are slowly devolving and losing DNA over time - The devolving process is also proven to be true and can be observed, tested, and repeated.
Creation also means that animals/people at the 'family' level were created with multiple recessive and dominant traits with an intelligent design. From this, all subspecies would be created through natural selection. This can also be observed, tested, and repeated which are the laws to scientific theory. For example: If a dog has long hair recessive genes and short hair dominant, and another dog has the opposite then you would have a 50/50 mix of short hair and long hair offspring.
If the long hair offspring mated, then they would have mostly long hair offspring. If a bad winter came the long-haired offspring would most likely survive whereas the short-haired offspring may flee to a warmer climate or die from the cold.
Repeating this process you have the natural selection and also you gain more and more define characteristics for the specific 'breed' of dog until you have a 'purebred' which is really just a refined selection of traits through inbreeding.
You can also breed the smallest dog of the litter with another small dog and continue that process until you end up with a teacup dog (which has a much shorter lifespan due to inbreeding and missing DNA).
Side Note: Adam was charged with the task of naming every animal. There would be about 80,000-100,000 different kinds of animals Adam would have had to name. As a full-time job at 50 new names per day, it would have taken him about 3 years.